Electric Engineering

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for Engineers and Technicians

Rationale

This course emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning and continuous improvement for engineers and technicians. By engaging in CPD activities, professionals can maintain their competence, adapt to changes in the industry, and meet regulatory requirements. The course provides insights into effective CPD methods and strategies for self-assessment and reflective practice.

Expected Outcome

Participants will be able to design and implement a personalized CPD plan that supports their career growth and aligns with industry standards and requirements.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Understand the significance of CPD for maintaining professional competence and meeting regulatory expectations.
  2. Identify various CPD methods and their relevance to engineering and technical professions.
  3. Learn how to effectively record and reflect on CPD activities to maximize learning outcomes.
  4. Recognize the impact of globalization on CPD and its implications for professional growth.

Course Outline

  1. Introduction to CPD

           1.1. Definition and Importance of CPD
           1.2. Role of CPD in Career Development

  1. CPD Requirements for Engineers and Technicians

            2.1. Regulatory Bodies and Professional Associations
            2.2. Industry Standards and Certification Needs

  1. Methods of CPD

           3.1. Workshops and Conferences
           3.2. Work-based Learning
           3.3. Professional Memberships and Conferences

  1. Recording and Reflecting on CPD Activities

           4.1. Benefits of Reflective Practice
           4.2. Importance of Reflexivity
           4.3. Self-assessment and Goal Setting

  1. Globalization of CPD

           5.1. Trends in International CPD Practices
           5.2. Preparing for Global Career Opportunities

  1. Conclusion and Future Directions

           6.1. Summary of Key Concepts
           6.2. Innovations and Future Trends in CPD for Engineers and Technicians

Purpose

This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of electrical safe systems of work, focusing on switching procedures and the authorisation process. It equips participants with the knowledge and skills required to ensure safety and compliance with regulations while performing electrical work.

Expected Outcome

Participants will be able to implement safe electrical work practices, including switching and authorisation processes, in compliance with relevant legislation and industry standards.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Understand the principles and importance of electrical safe systems of work.
  2. Identify the roles and responsibilities of authorised and competent persons.
  3. Apply switching and isolation procedures to ensure safety during electrical work.
  4. Implement permit-to-work systems to manage and authorise electrical tasks effectively.

       1. Introduction

           1.1. Background and Importance of Electrical Safety Systems

                   –  Overview of electrical hazards and risks.

                   – Importance of structured systems for ensuring workplace safety.

  1. Legislation and Standards

            2.1. Key Regulations and Guidelines

                    – Overview of relevant laws and industry standards.

                    –  Importance of compliance in maintaining safety and legal integrity.

  1. Roles and Responsibilities

            3.1. Authorized Persons and Competent Persons

                   – Definitions and qualifications required.

                   – Responsibilities in ensuring safety and compliance.

  1. Switching Procedures

            4.1. Isolation and Lockout Procedures

                   – Steps to safely isolate electrical systems.

                   – Importance of lockout/tagout systems in preventing accidental energisation.

  1. Authorisation Process

           5.1. Permit to Work Systems

                   – Purpose and structure of permit-to-work systems.

                   – Process for issuing, managing, and closing permits to ensure safe operations.

Purpose

This course is designed to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of fault limiting and power factor correction in electrical systems. It covers the fundamentals, methods, and significance of these practices to enhance the efficiency, safety, and reliability of electrical networks.

Expected Outcome

Participants will be able to analyze, design, and implement fault limiting and power factor correction techniques to improve the performance and safety of electrical systems.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Understand the importance and principles of fault limiting and power factor correction.
  2. Identify types of faults in electrical systems and methods for fault detection and location.
  3. Evaluate and apply techniques for fault limiting, including the use of overcurrent protection devices and sectionalisers.
  4. Design and implement power factor correction methods such as capacitor banks and static VAR compensators.

        1. Introduction to Fault Limiting and Power Factor Correction

            1.1. Importance of Fault Limiting and Power Factor Correction in Electrical Systems

                    – Role in ensuring system stability, efficiency, and safety.

                    – Overview of challenges addressed by these practices.

  1. Fundamentals of Fault Limiting

            2.1. Types of Faults in Electrical Systems

                   – Analysis of common faults: short circuits, open circuits, and ground faults.

                   – Impact of faults on system performance.

            2.2. Methods for Detecting and Locating Faults

                   – Techniques such as impedance-based detection and time-domain reflectometry.

                   – Tools and technologies for fault analysis.

  1. Techniques for Fault Limiting

           3.1. Overcurrent Protection Devices

                  – Function and application of circuit breakers and fuses.

                  – Design considerations for overcurrent protection.

            3.2. Sectionalisers

                  – Use of sectionalisers in isolating faulted sections of a network.

                  – Integration into fault management strategies.

  1. Introduction to Power Factor Correction

            4.1. Definition and Significance of Power Factor

                  – Understanding the concept of power factor and its role in system efficiency.

                  – Calculation and interpretation of power factor values.

            4.2. Causes and Consequences of Low Power Factor

                  – Factors leading to low power factor such as inductive loads.

                  – Impacts on energy consumption, system losses, and operational costs.

  1. Methods for Power Factor Correction

            5.1. Capacitor Banks

                 – Role of capacitors in improving power factor.

                 – Design and placement considerations for optimal performance.

            5.2. Static VAR Compensators

                 – Function and advantages of static VAR compensators.

                 – Integration into modern electrical systems to enhance efficiency.

Purpose

This course aims to provide a foundational understanding of power system analysis, focusing on the essential concepts, methodologies, and tools used to evaluate, protect, and ensure the stability of electrical power systems. Participants will gain insights into both traditional and modern approaches to power system analysis, preparing them for practical applications and further studies.

Expected Outcome

Participants will be able to analyze and interpret key aspects of power system performance, including power flow, stability, and protection, using both classical and modern analysis techniques.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Understand the fundamental components and operations of electric power systems.
  2. Conduct basic power system analyses, including power flow and short circuit studies.
  3. Evaluate power system stability under various operating conditions.
  4. Identify and apply protection strategies and modern analysis techniques to enhance system reliability.

        1. Fundamentals of Electric Power Systems

           1.1. Overview of Power Systems

                   – Introduction to the structure and function of electric power systems.

                   – Role of generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption.

            1.2. Components of Power Systems

                   – Detailed examination of components: generators, transformers, transmission lines, and loads.

                   – Interconnection and operational coordination.

  1. Basic Concepts in Power Systems Analysis

            2.1. Power Flow Analysis

                 – Understanding load flow studies.

                 – Techniques for solving power flow equations.

            2.2. Short Circuit Analysis

                 – Types of faults in power systems.

                 – Calculating fault currents and assessing system impacts.

  1. Power System Stability

            3.1. Transient Stability

                  – Analyzing system response to large disturbances.

                  – Techniques for enhancing transient stability.

            3.2. Small Signal Stability

                  – Studying system behavior under small disturbances.

                  – Tools for assessing and improving stability margins.

  1. Power System Protection

            4.1. Fundamentals of Protection

                  – Principles of system protection and fault isolation.

                  – Overview of protection schemes.

            4.2. Types of Protection Relays

                  – Function and application of protective relays.

                  – Advances in relay technology.

  1. Modern Power System Analysis Techniques

            5.1. State Estimation

                  – Role of state estimation in system monitoring and control.

                  – Techniques for accurate state estimation.

            5.2. Load Forecasting

                  – Importance of load forecasting in power system planning.

                  – Modern tools and algorithms for load prediction.

Purpose

This course is designed to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of harmonics in power systems, their sources, impacts, and control techniques. It equips participants with the knowledge and tools to analyze and mitigate harmonic issues, ensuring the efficiency and reliability of electrical systems.

Expected Outcome

Participants will be able to identify, analyze, and implement effective harmonic control strategies to mitigate adverse effects in power systems.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Understand the fundamentals of harmonics and their role in power systems.
  2. Identify and analyze the sources of harmonics in electrical networks.
  3. Evaluate the effects of harmonics on system performance and reliability.
  4. Design and apply harmonic control techniques using passive and active filtering methods.

       1. Introduction to Harmonics in Power Systems

                    – Definition and significance of harmonics.

                    – Overview of harmonic distortion in power quality.

  1. Sources of Harmonics

            2.1. Nonlinear Loads

                    – Characteristics and examples of nonlinear loads.

                    – Contribution to harmonic generation.

            2.2. Power Electronic Devices

                    – Role of power converters and inverters.

                    – Impact on harmonic levels in systems.

  1. Effects of Harmonics on Power Systems

                    – Impacts on equipment efficiency and lifespan.

                    – Interference with system protection and control.

  1. Harmonic Control Techniques

            4.1. Passive Filters

                   – Principles and design of passive filters.

                   – Advantages and limitations in harmonic mitigation.

            4.2. Active Filters

                   – Functionality and applications of active filters.

                   – Comparison with passive filtering techniques.

  1. Case Studies and Applications

                  – Real-world examples of harmonic analysis and mitigation.

                  – Discussion of best practices and innovative solutions.

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